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Both load and require can take local or absolute filenames. For example, require 'a' first looks for a.rb in the current directory, and then iterates through a multitude of other directories on your hard drive looking for a.rb. By default, these other directories are the various directories where Ruby stores its own files and libraries, although you can override this, if necessary. Ruby stores the list of directories to search for included files in a special variable called $:. You can see what $: contains by default, using irb:

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Do your nal graphics: Clearly illustrate each headline in the simplest way possible Show consistency within levels of the presentation hierarchy and variety across levels Keep your slides free of any extraneous visual information Align with the aesthetics of your audience

$:.each { |d| puts d }

/usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8 /usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/i686-darwin8.8.1 /usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby /usr/local/lib/ruby/1.8 /usr/local/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin8.8.1 .

You ve come a long way since you started on the road to the BBP approach in 1, and the detailed example presentation in this book should help you start applying the BBP approach to your next presentation. Next 9 will show you a range of presentations you can review for additional inspiration, and 10 will provide some ground rules and tips to consider when you deliver your presentation to an audience. As you get familiar with adding graphics, take a look at these 10 tips for improving on the basic techniques described in this chapter.

The while True part gives you a loop that will never terminate by itself. Instead, you put the condition in an if statement inside the loop, which calls break when the condition is fulfilled. Thus you can terminate the loop anywhere inside the loop instead of only at the beginning (as with a normal while loop). The if/break line splits the loop naturally in two parts: The first takes care of setting things up (the part that would be duplicated with a normal while loop), and the other part makes use of the initialization from the first part, provided that the loop condition is true. Although you should be wary of using break too often (because it can make your loops harder to read), this specific technique is so common that most Python programmers (including yourself) will probably be able to follow your intentions.

Note This result is what appears on my machine, running Mac OS X. The list of directories will probably

differ significantly on your machine, particularly if you re using Windows, where the path layout will be entirely different, with the drive letter at the start and backslashes instead of forward slashes.

8

If you want to add extra directories to this, it s simple:

$:.push '/your/directory/here' require 'yourfile' $: is an array, so you can push extra items to it, or use unshift to add an element to the start of the list (if you want your directory to be searched before the default Ruby ones useful if you want to override Ruby s standard libraries).

When you use break statements in loops, it is often because you have found something, or because something has happened. It s easy to do something when you break out (like print n), but sometimes you may want to do something if you didn t break out. But how do you find out You could use a Boolean variable, set it to False before the loop, and set it to True when you break out. Then you can use an if statement afterwards to check whether you did break out or not:

Your storyboard is a versatile tool to prepare and plan both your spoken words and your projected visuals during the presentation. Once you ve mastered the basics, try using these 10 tips to enhance the storyboard.

Note Ruby keeps track of the files include has processed by using the name used to access them. If you have two paths pointing to the same file, and include the same file but by using two unique, full filenames, Ruby will duly load the same file twice.

point in your Ruby code and they ll behave as if they were processed at that point. For example: